Neimeier’s Classification
In 1934 Neimeier proposed a classification of gallbladder perforation:
Type I Acute free perforation into the peritoneal cavity
Type II Subacute perforation with pericholecystic abscess
Type III Chronic perforation with cholecystoenteric fistula
A number of modifications have been proposed, but the basic classification still stands.
References
Niemeier OW. Acute free perforation of the gallbladder. Ann. Surg. 1934; 99: 922-4.
Anderson BB, Nazem A. Perforations of the gallbladder and cholecystobiliary fistulae: a review of management and a new classification. J. Natl. Med. Assoc. 1987; 79: 393–9.
Kochar K; Vallance K, Mathew G. Jadhav V. Intrahepatic perforation of the gall bladder presenting as liver abscess: case report, review of literature and Niemeier's classification. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2008; 20: 240-4.
